SMAN1 MESUJI OKI Sum - Sel Pematang Panggang: Senin, Januari 14, 2013

OKI Dalam Sejarah

KAB. OKI DALAM SEJARAH Wilayah Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir telah dikenal sebagai bagian Sumatera Selatan sejak sebelum masa kemerdekaan. Pada masa kesultanan, daerah ini menjadi salah satu kawasan yang penting. Belum diketahui secara tepat bagaimana pola hubungan yang lebih pasti antara keseluruhan daerah-daerah di Ogan Komering Ilir dengan pihak kesultanan. Demikian pula bila kita menyimak kronik lokal yang diceritakan penduduk di pedesaan. Masyarakat desa Saranglang, misalnya meyakini bahwa puyangnya salah seorang pejabat dari keraton Palembang. Pada masa Belanda, koloni ini menjadikan Sumatera Selatan sebagai satu wilayah keresidenan yang dipimpin oleh seorang Residen. Menjelang akhir penjajahannya, keresidenan dibagi menjadi afdeeling masing-masing dikepalai oleh seorang Asisten Residen, dengan perincian : •Daerah Palembang dan tanah datar dengan ibukota di Palembang, meliputi Palembang kota, talang Betutu, Komering Ilir, Ogan Ilir, Musi Ilir dan Rawas. •Daerah Pegunungan di Palembang, dengan ibukota di Lahat. Daerah ini meliputi Lematang Ilir, Lematang Ulu, Tanah Pasemah, Tebing Tinggi, dan Musi Ulu. •Daerah Ogan dan Komering Ulu, dengan ibukota di Baturaja. Daerah ini meliputi daerah Komering Ulu, Ogan Ulu, dan Mura Dua. Ketiga afdeeling diatas masing-masing terbagi lagi kepada onder –afdeling. Pada waktu itu, kawasan sekarang yang dikenal sebagai Ogan Komering Ilir merupakan dua onder-afdeeling, yaitu onder-afdeeling Ogan Ilir dengan ibukota Tanjung Raja dan onder afdeeling Komering Ilir dengan ibukota Kayuagung. Pembagian ini terus berlangsung sampai masuknya Pemerintahan militer Jepang mengganti kolonial Belanda. Jepang menggunakan istilah Syu untuk diterapkan pada keresidenan. Sejauh berkenaan dengan wilayah Ogan dan Komering Ilir, belum diperoleh keterangan yang pasti tentang perubahan-perubahan khusus yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah militer Jepang terhadap lembaga yang dahulu telah terbentuk pada masa kolonial Belanda. Namun begitu, dengan mengidentifikasi perubahan umum yang diterapkan di Sumatera Selatan, tepatnya bekas Karesidenan Palembang dapat diperoleh sedikit gambaran. Pada masa Jepang, kawasan Palembang dibagi menjadi dua karasidenan (Syu) yaitu Karasidenan Palembang dan Karesidenan Bangka-Belitung. Memasuki kemerdekaan, wilayah Ogan dan Komering Ilir memasuki pula masa revolusi fisik. Beberapa tempat di daerah ini menjadi basis-basis tempat pertahanan para republikein menghadapi pihak sekutu Inggris dan pada akhirnya berhadapan langsung dengan Belanda yang bermaksud kembali menanamkan kekuasaannya. Dikawasan Ogan Komering Ilir dibentuk front-front seperti Front Batun dan Front Muara Kamal-Talang Pangeran. Dalam masa perjuangan fisik itu, kawasan ini termasuk pula dalam wilayah perjuangan Ogan komering Area. Masa Orde Baru, membawa perubahan cukup besar di daerah Ogan komering Ilir. Perubahan yang sangat fundamental dalam segi kehidupan masyarakat luas di daerah pedesaan ialah peristiwa pembubaran lembaga marga. Seterusnya, sampai masa sekarang masyarakat pedesaan di Ogan komering Ilir menemui berbagai pengalaman yang silih berganti. Masing-masing pengalaman historis itu membawa goresan tersendiri dalam ingatan kolektif , dampak pada struktur sosial politik, dan memberikan corak pada wujud kebudayaan masyarakat setempat. OKI dan Perang 5 Hari 5 Malam Pertempuran Kemerdekaan 5 hari 5 malam di Palembang terjadi pada tanggal 1 sampai 5 Januari 1947 (Rabu-Ahad, 8-12 Shafar 1366) mendapat bantuan kekuatan rakyat pedalaman, terutama daerah-daerah yang dekat dengan Palembang seperti Pemulutan, Inderalaya, Tanjung Raja, Jejawi, Sirah Pulau Padang, Kayuagung, daerah-daerah lainnya. Pasca perang 5 hari 5 malam , dalam masa case fire (gencatan senjata) masing-masing pihak mempersiapkan kekuatan dan strategi pertahanan. Di wiiayah Ogan Komering Ilir dan sekitarnya pimpinan militer Republik telah membentuk brigade pertempuran yang dimaksudkan dapat langsung terlibat dalam pertempuran apabila terjadi serangan dari pihak Belanda. Brigade pertempuran Garuda Merah di tempatkan melingkari garis demakrasi radius 20 Kilometer dari kota Palembang, pada titik rawan yang diperkirakan akan diterobos pihak Belanda. Dalam peta pertahanan Ogan Komering Ilir, ada dua klasifikasi daerah yang dianggap titik rawan pada waktu itu. Dilalui dengan kendaraan air adalah sungai Komering dan Sungai Ogan. Sedan gkan apabila ditempuh dengan jalan darat, yaitu jalur Palembang-Sirah Pulau Padang-Kayuagung, Palembang-Simpang Payakabung-Kayuagung. Pengamanan keseluruhan ini dilakukan dengan membentuk tiga front, yaitu front tengah, front kanan, dan front kiri. Pada tanggal 21 Juli 1947 seluruh pertahanan Republik di front yang melingkari garis demarkasi 20 Kilometer dari Kota Palembang berhasil diterbos oleh Belanda. Keesokan harinya tanggal 22 Juli 1947 Belanda sudah dapat menduduki Tanjung Raja dan Kayuagung. Ogan Komering Area Setelah semua front diduduki Belanda, taktik front di tinggalkan, dan tentara RI menggunakan cara geriliya dengan target adalah setiap kedudukan Belanda di seluruh daerah pendudukannya . Dalam konteks ini dibentuk dislokasi berdasarkan Ogan Komering Area dimana sebagai komandan Ogan Area adalah Kapten Riacudu, sedangkan Komering Area adalah Kapten Alamsjah. Markas Ogan Komering Area bersifat mobil, berkedudukan di Campang Tiga. Untuk koordinasi perlawanan rakyat, diangkat wedana perang yang masing-masing dijabat oleh Wedana M. Saleh untuk daerah Komering, Wedana M. Arif untuk daerah Ogan, dengan tugas pokok pengawasan terhadap gerakan tentara Belanda, mengatur bantuan logistik sehingga gerakan kesatuan geriliya dapat berjalan secara aktif. Selama kurang lebih 3 tahun pertempuran melawan tentara Belanda, terjadi perjuangan yang tak henti-hentinya melibatkan berbagai lapisan rakyat sipil dan militer dengan pengorbanannya masing-masing. Dikalangan militer, tokoh-tokoh yang terlibat dalam perjuangan didaerah Ogan Komering Ilir adalah Kapten Alamsyah Ratu Perwira Negara, Kapten Sanaf, Kapten Riacudu, Lettu Asnawi Mangkualam, Lettu Marzuki Jahri, Letda KR Murod, Pelda M. Syueb, Pelda Madri, Letda Nuh Matjan, Letda Asmuni AS, Pelda Alifiah, Pelda M. Ali Hanafiah, Letda Paisol Syt, Letda Matjik AR, Letda Najamudin, Ishak Ibrahim dll. Diplomasi dan Masyarakat Sipil Didaerah Ogan Komering Ilir, selama perang geriliya berlangsung, dukungan masyarakat sipil ini berkembang sesuai dengan kondisi setempat. Didaerah ini, masyarakat pedesaan memberikan dukungan yang sangat berarti bagi tentara yang bergeriliya. Mereka memberikan bantuan berupa material seperti ternak, buah-buahan, bahan makanan, perhiasan dan uang. Mereka juga banyak menjalankan tugas sebagai kurir antara pos pertahanan yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Penduduk setempat selalu bersedia merelakantempatnya untuk dijadikan sebagai tempat persembunyian, sekaligus menyediakan ransum bagi geriliawan itu. Pertahanan dan perlawanan terhadap Belanda didukung oleh militan yang tergabung dalam berbagai kelompok. Dari barisan lasykar rakyat yang komandannya adalah M. Denin Raden Bayang. Kelompok Badan Pelopor Republik Indonesia (BPRI) dengan tokoh antara lain Achmad Hambali, Hambali Singadilaga, A. Kadir dan A. Rahman. Terbentuk pula Tentara Keamanan Rakyat dipelopori oleh Makmun Martadinata dan menunjuk Abdullah Tauhid sebagai komandan, bersamaan dengan terbentuknya Komite Nasional Indonesia (KNI) Kabupaten...... to be continued

Senin, 14 Januari 2013

Ini adalah daftar lagu kebangsaan seluruh dunia yang saya ambil dari koleksi blogs teman, mudah-mudahan bisa menambah pengetahuan...

1. Afghanistan. Music by Ustad Salim Sarmad. Words by Suleiman Laeq. Adopted 1978.

2. Albania. “Hymni i Flamurit” (“Hymn to the Flag”). Music by Ciprian Porumbescu. Words by Aleksander Stavre Drenova. Adopted 1912.
3. Algeria. Music by Mohamed Fawzi, 1956. Words by Mufdi Zakariah, 1955. Adopted 1963.

4. Andorra. “Himne Andorra.” Music by Father Enric Marfany Bons. Words by D. Joan Benlloch i Vivó. Adopted 1914.

5. Angola. Music by Rui Alberto Vieira Dias Mingas. Words by Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro. Adopted 1975.

6. Antigua and Barbuda. Music by Walter Garnet Picart Chambers. Words by Novelle Hamilton Richards. Adopted 1967.

7. Argentina. “Himno Nacional Argentino” (“Argentine National Anthem”). Music by Blas Parera, 1813. Words by Vicente López y Planes, 1813. Adopted 1813.

8. Armenia. Music by Barsegh Kanachyan. Words adapted from a poem by Miqayél Ghazari Nalbandyan. Adopted 1991.

9. Australia. “Advance Australia Fair.” Music and words by Peter Dodds McCormick (under pen name of Amicus), 1878. Adopted 1984.

10. Austria. “Land der Berge Land am Strome” (“Land of Mountains Land of Rivers”). Music by Johann Holzer (melody formerly attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart). Words by Paula von Preradovic´, 1946. Adopted 1947.

11. Azerbaijan. Music by Uzeirr Gadijibecov. Words by Ahmad Javad. Adopted 1992.

12. Bahamas. “March on, Bahamaland.” Music and words by Timothy Gibson, 1972. Adopted 1973.

13. Bahrain. Composer unknown. Words by Mohamed Ayyash Sudqi. Adopted 1971.

14. Bangladesh. “Āmār Sonār Bangla.” Music and words by Rabindranath Tagore. Adopted 1972.

15. Barbados. “Barbados National Anthem.” Music by C. Van Roland Edwards, 1966. Words by Irving Louis Burgie, 1966. Adopted 1966.

16. Belarus. Music by Nester Sakalouski. Words by Mikhas Klimkovich. Adopted 1995.

17. Belgium. “La Brabançonne” (“The Brabant Song”). Music by François van Campenhout, 1830. Words by Alexandre Dechet, 1830. Words revised significantly by Charles Rogier, 1860. Adopted 1938.

18. Belize. Music by Selwyn Walford Young, 1963. Words by Samuel Alfred Haynes, 1963. Adopted 1981.

19. Benin. “L'Aube Nouvelle” (“The Dawn of a New Day”). Music and words by Gilbert Jean Dagnon. Adopted 1960.

20. Bhutan. “Royal Anthem.” Music by Aku Tongmi. Words by Dasho Thinley Dorje. Adopted 1953.

21. Bolivia. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Leopoldo Benedetto Vincenti. Words by José Ignacio de Sanjinés. Adopted 1842.

22. Bosnia and Herzegovina. Words and music by Dino Dervišhalidović. Adopted 1995.

23. Botswana. “Fatshe la Rona” (“Our Country”). Music and words by Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete, 1966. Adopted 1966.
24. Brazil. “Hino Nacional do Brasil” (“Brazilian National Anthem”). Music by Francisco Manoel da Silva, 1832. Words by Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada. Adopted 1922.
25. Brunei. “Brunei Darussalam” (“God Save Brunei”). Music by Awang Haji Besar bin Sagap, 1947. Words by Pengiran Haji Mohamed Yusuf bin Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahim. Adopted 1951.

26. Bulgaria. Music and words by Tsvetan Tsvetkov Radoslavov, 1885. Adopted 1964.

27. Burkina Faso. Composer unknown. Words by Thomas Sankara. Adopted 1984.

28. Burundi. “Uburundi Bwacu.” Music by Marc Barengayabo. Words by a group of writers presided over by Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja, 1962. Adopted 1962.

29. Cambodia. “Nokoreach.” Music adapted from a Cambodian folk song. Words by Chuon Nat. Originally adopted 1941, reaffirmed 1947, replaced 1976, and restored 1993.

30. Cameroon. “Chant de Ralliement” (“Rallying Song”). Music by Samuel Minkio Bamba and Moïse Nyatte Nko'o, 1928. Words by René Djam Afame. Adopted 1957; words revised 1978.

31. Canada. “O Canada” Music attributed to Calixa Lavallée. Words by Justice Robert Stanley Weir; French version by Judge Adolphe-Basile Routhier. Adopted 1980.

32. Cape Verde. “É Patria Amada” (“This is Our Beloved Country”; same as Guinea-Bissau). Music and words by Amílcar Cabral, 1975.

33. Central African Republic. “La Renaissance” (“The Revival”). Music by Herbert Pepper, 1958. Words by Barthélémy Boganda, 1958. Adopted 1960.

34. Chad. “La Tchadienne” (“The Song of Chad”). Music by Paul Villard. Words by Louis Gidrol and student group, 1960. Adopted 1960.

35. Chile. “Himno Nacional de Chile” (“National Song of Chile”). Music by Ramón Carnicer, 1847. Words by Eusebio Lillo, 1909. Adopted 1941.

36. China. “The March of the Volunteers.” Music by Nie Er. Words by Tian Han. Adopted 1949.

37. Colombia. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Oreste Sindici, 1887. Words by Rafael Núñez, 1887. Adopted 1920.

38. Comoros. “Udzima wa ya Masiwa” (“The Union of the Great Islands”). Music by Kamildine Abdallah and Said Hachim Sidi Abderemane. Music by Said Hachim Sidi Abderemane. Adopted 1978.

39. Congo, Democratic Republic of the. “Debout Congolais” (“Stand Up, Congolese”). Words and music by J. Lutumba and S. Boka. Originally adopted 1960, replaced 1972, and restored 1997.

40. Congo, Republic of the. “La Congolaise.” Words and music by Jean Royer, Jacques Tondra, Jo Spadiliere. Originally adopted 1962; anthem replaced 1969; restored 1991.

41. Costa Rica. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Manuel María Gutiérrez, adopted 1853. Words by José María Zeledón Brenes, adopted 1900.

42. Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). “L'Abidjanaise” (“Song of Abidjan”). Music by Pierre Michel Pango and Pierre Marie Coty. Words by Abbé Mathieu Ekra with Joachim Bony and Pierre Marie Coty. Adopted 1960.

43. Croatia. Music by Josip Runjanin. Words by Antun Mihanović. Adopted 1990.

44. Cuba. “La Bayamesa” (“The Bayamo Song”). Music and words by Pedro Figueredo, 1867-1868. Adopted 1902.

45. Czech Republic. “Kde Domov Můj?” (“Where Is My Home?”). Music by František Jan Škroup. Words by Josef Kajetán Tyl. Adopted 1919.

46. Denmark. “Der er et Yndigt Land” (“There Is a Lovely Land”). Music by H. E. Krøyer, 1823. Words by Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, 1820. Adopted (unofficially) 1844. Royal anthem: “Kong Kristian Stod ved Højen Mast” (“King Christian Stood by the Lofty Mast”). Music by Friedrich Kuhlau, 1828. Words by Johannes Ewald, about 1780. Adopted (unofficially) 1828.

47. Djibouti. Music by Abdi Robleh. Words by Aden Elmi. Adopted 1977.

48. Dominica. “Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendor.” Music by Lemuel McPherson Christian. Words by Wilfred Oscar Morgan Pond. Adopted 1967.

49. Dominican Republic. “Himno Nacional.” Music by José Reyés, 1883. Words by Emilio Prud'homme, 1883. Adopted about 1900.

50. Ecuador. “Salve, O Patria” (“Hail, O Fatherland”). Music by Antonio Neumane, 1866. Words by Juan León Mera, 1865. Adopted 1948.

51. Egypt. “Biladi” (“My Homeland”). Music and words by Sayed Darwish. Adopted 1979.
52. El Salvador. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Juan Aberle, 1879. Words by Juan José Cañas, 1879. Adopted 1953.

Equatorial Guinea. “Himno Nacional.” Composer unknown. Words by Atanasio Ndongo Miyono. Adopted 1968.

53. Eritrea. Music by Isaac Abraham Meharezghi and Aron Tekle Tesfatsion. Words by Solomon Tsehaye Beraki. Adopted 1993.

54. Estonia. “Mu Isamaa, mu Õnn ja Rõõm” (“My Native Land, My Pride and Joy”). Music by Friedrich Pacius. Words by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. Adopted 1869.

55. Ethiopia. Music by Solomon Lulu Mitiku. Words by Dereje Melaku Mengesha. Adopted 1992.

56. Faroe Islands. Music by Peter Alberg. Words by Símun av Skarthi. Adopted late 1930s.

57. Fiji. “God Save the Queen” (same as Great Britain). National song: Composer unknown. Words by Michael Francis Alexander Prescott, based on traditional song.

58. Finland. “Maamme” (“Our Land”). Music by Fredrik Pacius, 1848. Words by Johan Ludvig Runeberg, 1846. Adopted 1848.

59. France. “La Marseillaise” (“The Song of Marseille”). Music and words by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, 1792. Adopted 1795.

60. Gabon. “La Concorde” (“The Concord”). Music and words by Georges Aleka Damas, 1960. Adopted 1960.

61. Gambia, The. “National Anthem.” Music by Jeremy Frederick Howe, 1964, adapted from traditional Mandinka (also known as Mandingo or Malinke) song. Words by Virginia Julie Howe, 1964. Adopted 1965.

62. Georgia. Music and words by Kote Potskhverashvili. Adopted 1991.

63. Germany. “Deutschlandlied” (“Song of Germany”). Music based on a melody by Joseph Haydn, 1797. Words by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, 1841. Adopted 1922.

64. Ghana. “Hail the Name of Ghana.” Music by Phillip Gbeho, 1956. Words written, 1956; revised by government committee, 1966. Adopted 1957.

65. Greece. “Imnos eis tin Eleftherian” (“Hymn to Freedom”). Music by Nikolaos Mantzaros, 1828. Words by Dionysios Solomós, 1824. Adopted 1864.

66. Greenland. “Der er et Yndigt Land” (“There Is a Lovely Land”; same as Denmark). National song: music by Jonathan Petersen; words by Henrik Lund.

67. Grenada. Music by Louis Arnold Masanto, Jr. Words by Irva Merle Baptiste. Adopted 1974.

68. Guatemala. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Rafael Alvarez Ovalle, 1880. Words by José Joaquín Palma, 1896. Adopted 1896. Modified by decree, 1934.

69. Guinea. “Liberté” (“Liberty”). Music by Keita Fodeba.

70. Guinea-Bissau. “É Patria Amada” (“This is Our Beloved Country”). Music and words by Amílcar Cabral, 1963. Adopted 1974.

71. Guyana. Music by Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter, 1966. Words by Archibald Leonard Luker, 1965. Adopted 1966.

72. Haiti. “La Dessalinienne” (“The Song of Dessalines”). Music by Nicolas Geffrard, 1904. Words by Justin Lhérisson.

73. Honduras. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Carlos Hartling, 1904. Words by Augusto Constancio Coello, 1903. Adopted 1915.

74. Hungary. “Himnusz.” Music by Ferenc Erkel, 1845. Words by Ferenc Kölcsey, 1823. Adopted 1844.

75. Iceland. “Lofsöngur” (“Song of Praise”). Music by Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson, 1874. Words by Matthías Jochumsson, 1874. Adopted 1874.

76. India. “Jana-gana-mana-adhināyaka, Jaya He.” (“Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People, Dispenser of India's Destiny”). Music and words by Rabindranath Tagore (1911). Adopted 1950.

77. Indonesia, Republic of. “Indonesia Raya” (“Great Indonesia”). Music and words by Wage Rudolf Soepratman, 1928. Adopted 1949.

78. Iran. Music by Hassan Riahi. Adopted 1990.

79. Iraq. “Land of Two Rivers.” Music by Walid Georges Gholmieh. Words by Shafiq Abdul Jabar al-Kamali. Adopted 1981.

80. Ireland, Republic of. “Amhrán na BhFiann” (“The Soldier's Song”). Music by Patrick Heeney, before 1911. Words by Peadar Kearney, 1907. Adopted 1926.

81. Israel. “Hatikvah” (“The Hope”). Music by Samuel Cohen, based on Moldavian and Romanian folk tune. Words by Naphtali Herz Imber, 1878. Adopted 1948.

82. Italy. “Inno di Mameli” (“Hymn of Mameli”). Music by Michele Novaro, 1847. Words by Goffredo Mameli, 1847. Adopted 1946.

83. Jamaica. Music by Robert Charles Lightbourne. Words by Reverend Hugh Braham Sherlock. Adopted 1962.

84. Japan. “Kimigayo” (“His Majesty's Reign”). Music by Hiromori Hayashi, probably 1880. Words taken from an ancient poem. Adopted 1893.

85. Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of. “Long Live the King.” Music by Abdul-Qader al-Taneer. Words by Abdul-Mone'm al-Rifai. Adopted 1946.

86. Kazakhstan. Composer unknown. Date adopted, unknown.

87. Kenya. “Wimbo wa Taifa” (“National Anthem”). Music, traditional melody. Words by a group of citizens. Adopted 1963.

88. Kiribati. “Teirake Kaini Kiribati” (“Stand, Kiribati”). Music and words by Urium Tamuera Ioteba. Adopted 1979.

89. Korea, North. Music by Kim Won Gyun. Words by Pak Se Yong. Adopted 1947.

90. Korea, South. “Aegug-ga” (“Patriotic Hymn”). Music by Ahn Eaktay. Words by Yun Ch'i-ho or An Ch'ang-ho. Adopted 1948.

91. Kuwait. Music by Ibrahim Nasir al-Soula. Words by Ahmad Mushari al-Adwani. Adopted 1978.

92. Kyrgyzstan. Music by N. Davlyesova and K. Moldovasanova. Words by Zh. Sadikova and Sh. Kulueva. Adopted 1992.

93. Laos. “Pheng Xat Lao” (“Laos National Anthem”). Music by Dr. Thongdy Sounthone Vichit, 1941. Words by Sisana Sisane. Adopted 1947. New words adopted 1975.

94. Latvia. “Dievs Svētī Latviju” (“God Bless Latvia”). Music and words by Karlis Baumanis, 1873. Date adopted, unknown.

95. Lebanon. “Hymne National Libanais.” Music by Wadih Sabra. Words by Rachid Nakhlé. Adopted 1927.

96. Lesotho. Music by Ferdinand-Samuel Laur. Words by François Coillard. Adopted 1967.

97. Liberia. Music by Olmstead Luca, 1860. Words by Daniel Bashiel Warner, 1847.

98. Libya. “Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.” Music by Mahmoud el-Sherif. Words by Abdalla Shams el-Din. Adopted 1969.

99. Liechtenstein. Music to the tune of “God Save the Queen.” Words by Jakob Josef Jauch, 1850. Adopted 1951.

100. Lithuania. “Lietuva, Tevyne Musu.” Music and words by Vincas Kudirka. Adopted 1918.

101. Luxembourg. “Ons Hémécht” (“Our Motherland”). Music by Jean-Antoine Zinnen, 1864. Words by Michel Lentz, 1863. Adopted 1895.

102. Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of. Music by Todor Skalovski. Words by Vlado Maleski. Adopted 1992.

103. Madagascar. “Ry Tanindrazanay Malala O” (“O, Our Beloved Country”). Music by Norbert Raharisoa. Words by Pasteur Rahajason, 1958. Adopted 1958.

104. Malawi. “O God Bless Our Land of Malawi.” Music and words by Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka, 1964. Adopted 1964.

105. Malaysia. “Negara-Ku” (“My Country”). Music based on an old Malayan folk tune. Words by a special committee. Adopted 1957.

106. Maldives. Music by Wannakuwattawaduge Don Amaradeva, 1972. Words by Mohamed Jameel Didi. Adopted 1972.

107. Mali. “Hymne National Malien” (“National Hymn of Mali”). Music by Banzoumana Sissoko. Words by Seydou Badian Kouyaté. Adopted 1962.

108. Malta. “Innu Malti” (“Hymn of Malta”). Music by Robert Sammut, about 1923. Words by Dun Karm Psaila, 1923. Adopted 1945.
109. Marshall Islands. Words and music by Amata Kabua. Date adopted unknown.

110. Mauritania. Music by Tolia Nikiprowetzky (based on traditional music). No words. Adopted 1960.

111. Mauritius. “Motherland.” Music by Philippe Gentil. Words by Jean Georges Prosper. Adopted 1968.

112. Mexico. “Himno Nacional Mexicano” (“National Anthem of Mexico”). Music by Jaime Nunó. Words by Francisco González Bocanegra. First performed 1854. Adopted 1943.

113. Micronesia. Composer unknown. Date adopted unknown.

114. Moldova. “Limba Noastrâ” (“Our Tongue”). Music by Alexandru Cristi. Words by Alexei Mateevici. Adopted 1994.

115. Monaco. “Hymne Monégasque.” Music by Charles Albrecht, based on a folk tune. Words by Théophile Bellando de Castro. First performed 1867.

116. Mongolia. Music by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjamts Murjorj. Words by Tsendiin Damdinsüren. Music adopted 1950. Original words written 1961. New words written 1991.

117. Morocco. Music by Léo Morgan. Words by Ali Squalli Houssaini.

118. Mozambique. Music and words by Justino Sigaulane Chemane. Adopted 1975.

119. Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). Music and words by Saya Tin. Adopted 1948.

120. Namibia. Music and words by Axali Doeseb. Adopted 1991.

121. Nauru. “Nauru Bwiema” (“Nauru, Our Homeland”). Music by Lawrence Henry Hicks. Words written collectively. Adopted 1968.

122. Nepal. Music by Bakhatbir Budhapirthi. Words by Chakrapani Chalise. Adopted 1899.

123. Netherlands. “Wilhelmus van Nassouwe” (“William of Nassau”). Music, an old French soldiers' song, rearranged in 1626 by Dutch composer Valerius. Words attributed to Marnix van St. Aldegonde, about 1568. Adopted 1932.

124. Netherlands Antilles. Music by J. B. A. Palm. No words. Adopted 1964.

125. New Zealand. “God Defend New Zealand.” Music by John Woods, about 1878. Words by Thomas Bracken, 1875. Adopted 1940. Also: “God Save the Queen” (same as Great Britain). This was given equal status as national anthem in 1977.

126. Nicaragua. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Luis Abraham Delgadillo. Words by Salomón Ibarra Mayorga. Words formerly sung were replaced by these in 1939.

127. Niger. “La Nigérienne.” Music by Robert Jacquet and Nicolas Abel François Frionnet. Words by Maurice Albert Thiriet. Adopted 1961.

128. Nigeria. “Arise, O Compatriots.” Music by Benedict Elide Odiase. Words written collectively. Adopted 1978.

129. Norway. “Ja, Vi Elsker Dette Landet” (“Yes, We Love This Land”). Music by Rikard Nordraak (1863). Words by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1859). Adopted 1864.

130. Oman. Composer unknown. Words by Rashid bin Aziz. In use since 1972.

131. Pakistan. “Qaumi Tarana” (“National Anthem”). Music by Ahmed Chagla, 1950. Words by Abu al-Asar Hafeez Jullandhri, 1951. Adopted 1954.

132. Palau. Music by Ymesei O. Ezekiel. Words by several authors. Adopted 1980.

133. Panama. “Himno Istmeño” (“Isthmus Anthem”). Music by Santos Jorge. Words by Jerónimo de la Ossa, 1904. Adopted 1925.

134. Papua New Guinea. Music and words by Thomas Shacklady. Adopted 1975.

135. Paraguay. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Francisco José Debali, Francés Dupuy, or Louis Cavedagni. Words by Francisco Esteban Acuña de Figueroa. Adopted 1846. Declared official 1934.

136. Peru. “Himno Nacional.” Music by José Bernardo Alzedo; rewritten by Claudio Rebagliati, 1869. Words by José de la Torre Ugarte, 1821. Chosen 1821. Made official 1913.

137. Philippines, Republic of the. “Marcha Nacional Filipina.” Music by Julian Felipe, 1898. Spanish words by José Palma, 1899. Tagalog words by Felipe Padilla de Leon, officially adopted 1935.

138. Poland. “Mazurek Dabrowskiego” (“Dombrowski's Mazurka”). Music probably by Michal Kleofas Ogiński. Words by Józef Wybicki. First sung 1795. Adopted 1927.

139. Portugal. “A Portuguésa” (“In the Portuguese Way”). Music by Alfredo Keil. Words by Henrique Lopes de Mendonça. First played 1890. Adopted 1910.

140. Puerto Rico. “La Borinqueña.” Music by F. Astol. No words. Adopted 1952.

141. QATAR. Music by Abdulaziz Nasir. Words by Sheikh Mubarak bin Saif al-Thani. Adopted 1996.

142. Romania. Music by Anton Pann. Words by Andrei Mureşianu. Adopted 1990.

143. Russia. “National Anthem of the Russian Federation.” Music by Aleksandr V. Aleksandrov. Words by Sergey V. Mikhalkov. Adopted 2000.

144. Rwanda. Music based on an old Rwandan folk tune. Adopted 1962.

145. Saint Kitts and Nevis. Music and words by Kenrick Anderson Georges. Adopted 1983.

146. Saint Lucia. Music by Leton Felix Thomas. Words by Charles Jesse. Adopted 1967, and again with independence in 1979.

147. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Music by Joel Bertram Miguel. Words by Phyllis Joyce McClean Punnett. Adopted 1969, and again with independence in 1979.

148. Samoa. “The Banner of Freedom.” Music and words by Sauni Iiga Kuresa, 1948. Adopted 1962.

149. San Marino. Music by Federico Consolo. No words. Adopted 1894.

150. São Tomé and Príncipe. “Independência Total” (“Total Independence”). Music by Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e Almeida. Words by Alda Neves da Graça do Espirito Santo.

151. Saudi Arabia. “An-Nashid Al-Watani” (“National Anthem of Saudi Arabia”). Music by Abdul Rahman al-Khateeb. Words by Ibrahim Khafaji, 1986. Adopted around 1950.

152. Senegal. Music by Herbert Pepper. Words by Léopold Sédar Senghor. Adopted 1960.

153. Seychelles. “Koste Seselwa” (“Seychellois, Unite!”). Music and words by David François Marc André and George Charles Robert Payet. Adopted 1996.

154. Sierra Leone. Music by John Joseph Akar, 1961. Words by Clifford Nelson Fyle, 1961. Adopted 1961.

155. Singapore, Republic of. “Majulah Singapura” (“May Singapore Progress”). Music and words by Zubir Said. Adopted 1959.

156. Slovakia. Music based on a Slovak folk song. Words by Janko Matúška. Retained Slovak portion of Czechoslovakian national anthem after separation from Czech Republic in 1993.

157. Slovenia. Music by Stanko Premrl. Words by France Prešeren. Adopted 1989.

158. Solomon Islands. Music by Panapasa Balekana. Words by Panapasa Balekana and Matila Balekana. Adopted 1978.

159. Somalia. Music by Giuseppe Blanc. No words. Adopted 1960.

160. South Africa. “The National Anthem of South Africa.” Music by Enoch Mankayi Sontonga and Marthinus Lourens de Villiers. Words by Enoch Mankayi Sontonga and Cornelis Jacob Langenhoven. Adopted 1995.

161. Spain. “Marcha Real” (“Royal March”). Adopted 1942.

162. Sri Lanka. “Sri Lanka Matha” (“Mother Sri Lanka”). Music and Sinhalese words by Ananda Samarakone. Author of Tamil words unknown. Adopted 1952.

163. Sudan. “Nahnu Djundullah” (“We Are God's Army”). Music by Ahmad Murjan. Words by Ahmad Muhammad Salih. Adopted 1956.

164. Suriname. Music by Johannes Corstianus de Puy, 1876. Dutch words by Cornelis Atses Hoekstra, 1893. Sranan version by Henry de Ziel, 1893. Adopted 1954.

165. Swaziland. Music by David Kenneth Rycroft. Words by Andrease Enoke Fanyana Simelane. Adopted 1968.

166. Sweden. “Du Gamla, Du Fria” (“Thou Ancient, Thou Free”). Music based on folk tune. Words by Richard Dybeck, 1844. In use since the 1880s.

167. Switzerland. (German) “Schweizer Psalm”; (French) “Cantique Suisse”; (Italian) “Salmo Svizzero”; (Romansch) “Psalm Svizzer” (“The Swiss Anthem”). Music by Father Alberich Zwyssig. Words by Leonhard Widmer, Charles Chatelanat, Camillo Valsangiacomo, Alfons Tuor, and Gion Antoni Bühler. Adopted 1961.

168. Syria. “An-Nashid as-Suri” (“Syrian National Anthem”). Music by Ahmad and Mohammad Salim Flayfel. Words by Khalil Mardam Bey. Adopted 1936.

169. Tajikistan. Music by Suleiman Yudakov.

170. Tanzania. Music by Mankayi Enoch Sontonga and V. E. Webster, 1961, based on well-known Bantu song “Nkosi Sikelel'i Africa” (“God Bless Africa”). Words by group of Tanzanian citizens, 1961. Adopted 1961.

171. Thailand. “Phleng Chat” (“National Anthem”). Music by Phra Chen-Duriyang. Words by Luang Saranuprapan. Adopted 1939. Royal anthem: “Phleng Sansasoen Phra Barami.” Music by Huvitzen, 1872. Words by Prince Narisaranuvadtivongs; revised by King Rama VI, about 1913. Adopted 1872.

172. Togo. Music and words written by the Togolese People's Assembly (Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais). Adopted 1979.

173. Tonga. Music by Karl Gustavus Schmitt. Words by Prince Uelingatoni Ngu Tupoumalohi. First reported use 1874.

174. Trinidad and Tobago. Music and words by Patrick Stanislaus Castagne, 1962. Adopted 1962.

175. Tunisia. Music by Mohamad Abdel Wahab. Words by Mustafa Sadik al-Rafii and Aboul Kacem Chabbi. Adopted 1987.

176. Turkey. “İstiklâl Marşi” (“March of Independence”). Music by Zeki Üngör, 1924. Words by Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 1921. Date adopted unknown.

177. Turkmenistan. “Garashciiz Bitarap Turkmenistaniin Devlet Gimni.”

178. Tuvalu. Music and words by Afaese Manoa. Adopted 1978.

179. Uganda. “Pearl of Africa.” Music and words by George Wilberforce Kakoma. Adopted 1962.

180. Ukraine. Music by Mikhail Verbytskyi. Words by Paul Chubynskyi. Adopted 1917.

181. United Arab Emirates. Music by Mohamad Abdel Wahab. No words. Adopted 1971.

182. United Kingdom. “God Save the Queen.” Music and words, anonymous. First performed, 1745. Referred to as national anthem dating from beginning of the 19th century.

183. United States of America. “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Words by Francis Scott Key, 1814. Composer unknown. (John Stafford Smith used the music for an arrangement of “To Anacreon in Heaven” and is often regarded incorrectly as the composer of the tune.) Adopted 1931.

184. Uruguay. “Himno Nacional.” Music by Francisco José Debali. Words by Francisco Esteban Acuña de Figueroa. Adopted 1845.

185. Uzbekistan. Music by Mutawakki Burhanov. Words by Abdulla Aripov. Date adopted unknown.

186. Vanuatu. “Yumi, Yumi, Yumi” (“We, We, We”). Music and words by François Vincent. Adopted 1980.

187. Vatican City. “Inno e Marcia Pontificale” (“Hymn and Pontifical March”). Music by Charles Gounod. Words by Antonio Allegra. Adopted 1950.

188. Venezuela. “Gloria al Bravo Pueblo” (“Glory to the Brave People”). Music by Juan José Landaeta, about 1810. Words by Vicente Salias. Adopted 1881.

189. Vietnam. “Quoc Ca” (“Vietnamese National Anthem”). Music and words by Nguyen Van Cao. Adopted 1976.

190. Yemen. “United Republic.” Music by Ayoob Tarish. Words by Abdulla Abdul Wahab Noman. Adopted 1990.

191. Serbia and Montenegro. “Hej Slavení” (“Fellow Slavs”). Music by Michal Kleofas Ogiński. Words by Samuel Tomašik. Adopted 1945.

192. Zambia. “Stand and Sing of Zambia.” Music by Mankayi Enoch Sontonga, based on hymn “Nkosi Sikelel'i Africa” (“God Bless Africa”). Words written collectively. Adopted 1964

Kerinduan dan Kesedihan……

Akhirnya, tapak-tapak kakiku perlahan bercerita dengan suara lemah
Rasanya aku tak mungkin pura-pura utk menjadi kuat, tapi aku juga tak kuasa utk menangis
Ketika aku harus melihatmu satu persatu ‘pergi’ meninggalkanku yg masih terpaku sendiri
Terlalu menyakitkan ketika arah cerita kita akhirnya berpisah di simpang jalan utk sebuah cita
Bahkan air hujanpun tak mampu membuatku takut ketika kau lepaskan ‘senyum’ terakhirmu, dikenangan 27 tahun memoriku
Sekarang sadarlah aku arti 27 tahun yg lalu ternyata aku tidak benar-benar ‘kuat’ untuk hidup
Jika aku harus hidup tanpa kenangan indah bersamamu

Aku akan coba membuat jalan
Antara tabir dan salam… antara rindu dan puncak kerinduan
Suara bintang-bintang malam dan talu bulan, mencair
dalam akar keheninganku.
Serulingku yg ‘gelisah’ melantunkan musik kenangan
Mengibaskan Cinta diatas batu yang melalap hati
Rinduku yg rapuh meluncur lagi dari sumbu dan
minyak kehidupan….

Aku ingin kau temani sejenak untuk bertutur kata
pada saat malam yang sepi sunyi dan,
kau curahkan sejuk itu dalam kalbu sanubariku…
Engkau…
Adalah ‘cintaku’ memori tidurku dan gejolak hati yang tak terobati
Kudengar panggilanmu dari balik awan-awan senja,
Kurasakan sayap-sayapmu selalu lembut membelai rinduku
Selalu, dan Teringat selalu…..
Es Em A Satu Mesujiku !

By : Heri Darmusi... (Biologi)